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Uncover everything hidden inside a PC. Plus RAM Drive creation. We offer independent evaluations of software products for performance and system impact. There are many tools available that can be used to write automation scripts. There are different methods that can be used for software testing. This chapter briefly describes the methods available. The technique of testing without having any knowledge of the interior workings of the application is called black-box testing.
The tester is oblivious to the system architecture and does not have access to the source code. Typically, while performing a black-box test, a tester will interact with the system's user interface by providing inputs and examining outputs without knowing how and where the inputs are worked upon.
White-box testing is the detailed investigation of internal logic and structure of the code. White-box testing is also called glass testing or open-box testing. In order to perform white-box testing on an application, a tester needs to know the internal workings of the code. Grey-box testing is a technique to test the application with having a limited knowledge of the internal workings of an application.
In software testing, the phrase the more you know, the better carries a lot of weight while testing an application. Mastering the domain of a system always gives the tester an edge over someone with limited domain knowledge. Unlike black-box testing, where the tester only tests the application's user interface; in grey-box testing, the tester has access to design documents and the database. Having this knowledge, a tester can prepare better test data and test scenarios while making a test plan.
The following table lists the points that differentiate black-box testing, grey-box testing, and white-box testing. There are different levels during the process of testing. In this chapter, a brief description is provided about these levels. Levels of testing include different methodologies that can be used while conducting software testing. This is a type of black-box testing that is based on the specifications of the software that is to be tested.
The application is tested by providing input and then the results are examined that need to conform to the functionality it was intended for. Functional testing of a software is conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. An effective testing practice will see the above steps applied to the testing policies of every organization and hence it will make sure that the organization maintains the strictest of standards when it comes to software quality.
This type of testing is performed by developers before the setup is handed over to the testing team to formally execute the test cases. Unit testing is performed by the respective developers on the individual units of source code assigned areas. The developers use test data that is different from the test data of the quality assurance team.
The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that individual parts are correct in terms of requirements and functionality.
Testing cannot catch each and every bug in an application. It is impossible to evaluate every execution path in every software application. The same is the case with unit testing. There is a limit to the number of scenarios and test data that a developer can use to verify a source code. After having exhausted all the options, there is no choice but to stop unit testing and merge the code segment with other units.
Integration testing is defined as the testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function correctly. Integration testing can be done in two ways: Bottom-up integration testing and Top-down integration testing. This testing begins with unit testing, followed by tests of progressively higher-level combinations of units called modules or builds.
In this testing, the highest-level modules are tested first and progressively, lower-level modules are tested thereafter. In a comprehensive software development environment, bottom-up testing is usually done first, followed by top-down testing. The process concludes with multiple tests of the complete application, preferably in scenarios designed to mimic actual situations.
System testing tests the system as a whole. Once all the components are integrated, the application as a whole is tested rigorously to see that it meets the specified Quality Standards. This type of testing is performed by a specialized testing team. System testing is the first step in the Software Development Life Cycle, where the application is tested as a whole. The application is tested thoroughly to verify that it meets the functional and technical specifications.
The application is tested in an environment that is very close to the production environment where the application will be deployed. System testing enables us to test, verify, and validate both the business requirements as well as the application architecture. Whenever a change in a software application is made, it is quite possible that other areas within the application have been affected by this change. Regression testing is performed to verify that a fixed bug hasn't resulted in another functionality or business rule violation.
The intent of regression testing is to ensure that a change, such as a bug fix should not result in another fault being uncovered in the application. Testing the new changes to verify that the changes made did not affect any other area of the application.
The QA team will have a set of pre-written scenarios and test cases that will be used to test the application. More ideas will be shared about the application and more tests can be performed on it to gauge its accuracy and the reasons why the project was initiated.
Acceptance tests are not only intended to point out simple spelling mistakes, cosmetic errors, or interface gaps, but also to point out any bugs in the application that will result in system crashes or major errors in the application. By performing acceptance tests on an application, the testing team will reduce how the application will perform in production. There are also legal and contractual requirements for acceptance of the system.
This test is the first stage of testing and will be performed amongst the teams developer and QA teams. Unit testing, integration testing and system testing when combined together is known as alpha testing. The Application will be tested on machines with the lowest specification to test loading times and any latency problems. This test is performed after alpha testing has been successfully performed. In beta testing, a sample of the intended audience tests the application. Beta testing is also known as pre-release testing.
Beta test versions of software are ideally distributed to a wide audience on the Web, partly to give the program a "real-world" test and partly to provide a preview of the next release. Getting the feedback, the project team can fix the problems before releasing the software to the actual users. The more issues you fix that solve real user problems, the higher the quality of your application will be.
Having a higher-quality application when you release it to the general public will increase customer satisfaction. This section is based upon testing an application from its non-functional attributes. Non-functional testing involves testing a software from the requirements which are nonfunctional in nature but important such as performance, security, user interface, etc.
It is mostly used to identify any bottlenecks or performance issues rather than finding bugs in a software. Performance testing can be either qualitative or quantitative and can be divided into different sub-types such as Load testing and Stress testing. It is a process of testing the behavior of a software by applying maximum load in terms of software accessing and manipulating large input data.
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